Low-cost airlines changed who travels by air.
A ticket that once cost a month's wages can now cost a day's.
The model works by removing everything that is not the flight itself.
Bags, seat choice, food and printed boarding passes all became separate .
Aircraft are also used far more , with short between flights.
Crews are paid less and secondary airports charge lower fees.
Passengers accept the trade because the is genuinely lower.
Two costs, however, sit outside the ticket.
Secondary airports are often an hour from the city, which shifts time and money to the traveller.
Aviation also produces that no passenger pays for directly.
Several governments now tax rather than flights.
The aim is to reduce the small group who fly most, not to stop annual holidays.
Whether such taxes survive an election is another question.