Repairing a modern device is often harder than it needs to be.
Batteries are in place and screws require unusual tools.
Some parts are to the machine in software and refuse to work if replaced.
Manufacturers defend these choices on grounds of safety, waterproofing and security.
Independent reply that the effect, whatever the intention, is a closed market.
Several governments have now passed right-to-repair laws.
They require spare parts, and diagnostic software to be sold at a fair price.
France goes further and prints a score on the box.
Manufacturers responded to that score faster than to any fine.
The environmental case is strong, since most of a device's emissions come from making it.
Keeping a phone for four years instead of two roughly halves that .
Repair also keeps money and skills in the local economy.
The obstacle is a business model built on replacement rather than repair.